ELECTRICAL POWER  ENGINEERING  Training Systems

Electrical energy is essential for any country’s industrial and social development. It is commonly obtained from non-re-generative sources such as fossil fuels. As consumption per capita and population grows, its limited production must be efficiently managed to satisfy the increasing world demand. Modern electric power systems have grown and expanded geographically, becoming more complex. The planning, monitoring, and managing such systems require advanced analysis and control techniques for network interconnection, energy management, and storage, and integrating distributed renewable energy sources in future Smart Grid implementations. Our didactic benches combine industrial-grade hardware and an open SCADA software platform to provide students with a piece of fully comprehensive knowledge in Electrical Power Engineering systems, subdivided into four major study areas: electric power generation, electric power transmission and distribution, electric power use and protection techniques The main characteristics of our didactic benches are the following: Modularity: Each trainer is composed of a set of modules representing a scaled-down version of the various sections forming a complete electrical power system. Based on industrial-grade equipment, the modules provide a flexible and reconfigurable learning platform to study electrical power engineering applications. Open SCADA Web: The full system is controlled by industrial Supervision and Control Data Acquisition (SCADA) software that communicates with all the active devices in the trainer to provide real-time measurements, system status, and system control. Structured using a didactic approach, the software includes an open SCADA license, allowing teachers to create new projects and fully customize the experiments. Didactic approach: The multidisciplinary laboratory covers basic electrical engineering concepts to simulate more advanced configurations and network topologies. Skills development: The didactic experience allows students to simulate different real-life scenarios and acquire analytical troubleshooting skills through practical hands-on training.

GENERATION, DISTRIBUTION, TRANSMISSION

Electrical energy is today an essential factor for any country’s industrial and social development. It is commonly obtained from non-re-generative sources such as fossil fuels. As consumption per capita and population grows, its limited production must be efficiently managed to satisfy the increasing world demand. Modern electric power systems have grown and expanded geographically, becoming more complex. The planning, monitoring, and managing such systems require advanced analysis and control techniques for network interconnection, energy management, and storage, and integrating distributed renewable energy sources in future Smart Grid implementations. Our didactic benches combine industrial-grade hardware and an open SCADA software platform to provide students with a fully comprehensive knowledge of Electrical Power Engineering systems, subdivided into four major study areas: electric power generation, electric power transmission and distribution, electric power use, and protection.

POWER GENERATION

DL GTU101-S

the three-phase power is the most commonly used for generation, transmission, distribution, and use in the public energy sector. Three-phase systems are more economical than single-phase systems due to the reduced amount of conductor material needed to transmit the same amount of power, making them suitable for high-voltage transmission over long distances. Furthermore, it is ideal for consumers to use in three-phase (motors, heavy loads) or single-phase applications. Electrical energy generation is performed almost exclusively using high-power synchronous machines or alternators, whose construction design depends on the type of drive, normally steam, gas, or water. One major limitation of electrical power is that it cannot be stored in large quantities and must be generated as the consumer needs it. The synchronous generator can be operated in isolated mode, providing power to a single consumer, or it can be connected in parallel with a constant-voltage, constant-frequency grid system. Expansion: Adding optional modules to the GTU 101-S configuration expands the available list of experiments and system capabilities. DL GTU101-P  Generation Protection

POWER GENERATION PROTECTION EXPANSION MODULES

DL GTU101-P

The three-phase power is the most commonly used for generation, transmission, distribution, and use in the public energy sector. Three-phase systems are more economical than single-phase systems due to the reduced amount of conductor material needed to transmit the same amount of power, making them suitable for high-voltage transmission over long distances.  Furthermore, it is ideal for consumers to use in three-phase (motors, heavy loads) or single-phase applications. Electrical energy generation is performed almost exclusively using high-power synchronous machines or alternators, whose construction design depends on the drive type, normally steam, gas, or water. One major limitation of electrical power is that it cannot be stored in large quantities and must be generated as the consumer needs it. The synchronous generator can be operated in isolated mode, providing power to a single consumer, or it can be connected in parallel with a constant-voltage, constant-frequency grid system. In this laboratory, the main characteristics of a synchronous generator are studied, its synchronization to the main network, and its behavior under different load conditions. Expansion: Adding optional modules to the GTU 101-S configuration expands the available list of experiments and system capabilities.   DL GTU101-P Generation Protection

THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER DL GTU102.1-S

DESCRIPTION

Today, public electric power is supplied almost exclusively using three-phase systems with a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz, depending on the country. The major advantage of AC three-phase over DC power systems is that the electrical power is generated economically in large power stations relatively far from the end users, transported at high voltage over long distances with very little power loss, and finally made available to the consumers, providing them with two different levels of voltage depending on the application needs.   The major components of electric power transmission and distribution systems are: • Transformers, DL GTU102.1-S: step-up transformers increase the generated voltage to values suitable for high voltage transmission systems, isolation transformers are used to exchange power between networks, and step-down transformers decrease the voltages to medium voltage level and further down to low voltage to be distributed to the consumer. • Transmission lines, DL GTU102.2-S: overhead power lines mainly transmit electrical energy from the power stations to the consumers. However, power can only be supplied via cables in densely populated areas. Various voltage levels are used for transmitting power; the levels are determined by the amount of power and the distance; the higher the transmission voltages, the lower the currents and the transmission losses. However, it must also be considered that network investment costs increase with the voltage. • Busbars DL GTU102.3-S, disconnectors, and power circuit breakers: the main components of a switching station used for power distribution. Complex calculations have to be carried out to evaluate the optimum network configuration. DL GTU102-1-P    Transformer protection DL GTU102-2-P Transmission line protection DL GTU102-3-P   Distance protection

TRANSMISSION LINES DL GTU102.2-S

DESCRIPTION

Today, public electric power is supplied almost exclusively using three-phase systems with a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz, depending on the country. The major advantage of AC three-phase over DC power systems is that the electrical power is generated economically in large power stations relatively far from the end users, transported at high voltage over long distances with very little power loss, and finally made available to the consumers, providing them with two different levels of voltage depending on the application needs.   The major components of electric power transmission and distribution systems are: • Transformers, DL GTU102.1-S: step-up transformers increase the generated voltage to values suitable for high voltage transmission systems, isolation transformers are used to exchange power between networks, and step-down transformers decrease the voltages to medium voltage level and further down to low voltage to be distributed to the consumer. • Transmission lines, DL GTU102.2-S: overhead power lines mainly transmit electrical energy from the power stations to the consumers. However, power can only be supplied via cables in densely populated areas. Various voltage levels are used for transmitting power; the levels are determined by the amount of power and the distance; the higher the transmission voltages, the lower the currents and the transmission losses. However, it must also be considered that network investment costs increase with the voltage. • Busbars DL GTU102.3-S, disconnectors and power circuit breakers: the main components of a switching station used for power distribution. Complex calculations have to be carried out to evaluate the optimum network configuration. DL GTU102-1-P    Transformer protection DL GTU102-2-P Transmission line protection DL 2108T22  Distance protection

BUS BAR DL GTU102.3-S

DESCRIPTION

Today, public electric power is supplied almost exclusively using three-phase systems with a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz, depending on the country. The major advantage of AC three-phase over DC power systems is that the electrical power is generated economically in large power stations relatively far from the end users, transported at high voltage over long distances with very little power loss, and finally made available to the consumers, providing them with two different levels of voltage depending on the application needs.   The major components of electric power transmission and distribution systems are: • Transformers, DL GTU102.1-S: step-up transformers increase the generated voltage to values suitable for high voltage transmission systems, isolation transformers are used to exchange power between networks, and step-down transformers decrease the voltages to medium voltage level and further down to low voltage to be distributed to the consumer. • Transmission lines, DL GTU102.2-S: overhead power lines mainly transmit electrical energy from the power stations to the consumers. However, power can only be supplied via cables in densely populated areas. Various voltage levels are used for transmitting power; the levels are determined by the amount of power and the distance; the higher the transmission voltages, the lower the currents and the transmission losses. However, it must also be considered that network investment costs increase with the voltage. • Busbars DL GTU102.3-S, disconnectors and power circuit breakers: the main components of a switching station used for power distribution. Complex calculations have to be carried out to evaluate the optimum network configuration. DL GTU102-1-P    Transformer protection DL GTU102-2-P Transmission line protection DL 2108T22  Distance protection

THREE PHASE PROTECTION DL GTU102.1-P

DESCRIPTION

Today, public electric power is supplied almost exclusively using three-phase systems with a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz, depending on the country. The major advantage of AC three-phase over DC power systems is that the electrical power is generated economically in large power stations relatively far from the end users, transported at high voltage over long distances with very little power loss, and finally made available to the consumers, providing them with two different levels of voltage depending on the application needs.   The major components of electric power transmission and distribution systems are: • Transformers, DL GTU102.1-S: step-up transformers increase the generated voltage to values suitable for high voltage transmission systems, isolation transformers are used to exchange power between networks, and step-down transformers decrease the voltages to medium voltage level and further down to low voltage to be distributed to the consumer. • Transmission lines, DL GTU102.2-S: overhead power lines mainly transmit electrical energy from the power stations to the consumers. However, power can only be supplied via cables in densely populated areas. Various voltage levels are used for transmitting power; the levels are determined by the amount of power and the distance; the higher the transmission voltages, the lower the currents and the transmission losses. However, it must also be considered that network investment costs increase with the voltage. • Busbars DL GTU102.3-S, disconnectors, and power circuit breakers are the main components found in a switching station for power distribution. To evaluate the optimum network configuration complex calculations have to be carried out. DL GTU102-1-P Transformer protection DL GTU102-2-P Transmission line protection DL 2108T22  Distance protection

TRANSMISSION LINES  PROTECTION DL GTU102.2-P

DESCRIPTION

Today, public electric power is supplied almost exclusively using three-phase systems with a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz, depending on the country. The major advantage of AC three-phase over DC power systems is that the electrical power is generated economically in large power stations relatively far from the end users, transported at high voltage over long distances with very little power loss, and finally made available to the consumers, providing them with two different levels of voltage depending on the application needs.   The major components of electric power transmission and distribution systems are: • Transformers, DL GTU102.1-S: step-up transformers increase the generated voltage to values suitable for high voltage transmission systems, isolation transformers are used to exchange power between networks, and step-down transformers decrease the voltages to medium voltage level and further down to low voltage to be distributed to the consumer. • Transmission lines, DL GTU102.2-S: overhead power lines mainly transmit electrical energy from the power stations to the consumers. However, power can only be supplied via cables in densely populated areas. Various voltage levels are used for transmitting power; the levels are determined by the amount of power and the distance; the higher the transmission voltages, the lower the currents and the transmission losses. However, it must also be considered that network investment costs increase with the voltage. • Busbars DL GTU102.3-S, disconnectors, and power circuit breakers: the main components found in a switching station used for power distribution. Complex calculations have to be carried out to evaluate the optimum network configuration. DL GTU102-1-P    Transformer protection DL GTU102-2-P    Transmission line protection DL 2108T22  Distance protection

CURRENT AND VOLTAGE  TRANSFORMERS DL GTU103.1-S

DESCRIPTION

in electrical power supply systems, currents, and voltages are constantly measured and monitored to ensure they remain within certain limits. The current and voltage values are so high that they cannot be measured directly. Special transformers must be used to reduce these values to a level that can be measured safely and economically. These values are needed to provide information on the health of the system, to calculate the amount of power supplied to a customer, and to rapidly switch off sections of a network in case of a fault event to avoid its propagation that could result in the collapse of the entire power supply system.

PROTECTION RELAYS DL GTU103.2-S

DESCRIPTION

Dedicated protection relays are used for monitoring each section of the power system (generators, transformers, and transmission lines), to recognize a damaged system component for a specific fault event (under/over voltage, under/over frequency, over-current, earth-fault, reverse power, etc.), and to disconnect it quickly and reliably, protecting humans and the other healthy parts of the system while maintaining the power distribution. Adding optional modules to the GTU 103.2-S configuration, the available list of experiments, and system capabilities are expanded.   DL GTU103A-S:   Generation protection DL GTU103B-S:   HV line protection DL 2108T22:   Distance protection DL GTU103C-S:  Transformer protection

GENERATION PROTECTION DL GTU103A-S

DESCRIPTION

Dedicated protection relays are used for monitoring each section of the power system (generators, transformers, and transmission lines), to recognize a damaged system component for a specific fault event (under/over voltage, under/over frequency, over-current, earth-fault, reverse power, etc.), and to disconnect it quickly and reliably, protecting humans and the other healthy parts of the system while maintaining the power distribution. Adding optional modules to the GTU 103.2-S configuration, the available list of experiments and system capabilities are expanded.   DL GTU103A-S:   Generation protection DL GTU103B-S:   HV line protection DL 2108T22:   Distance protection DL GTU103C-S:  Transformer protection

HV LINE PROTECTION DL GTU103B-S

Dedicated protection relays are used for monitoring each section of the power system (generators, transformers, and transmission lines) to recognize a damaged system component for a specific fault event (under/over voltage, under/over frequency, over-current, earth-fault, reverse power, etc.), and to disconnect it quickly and reliably, protecting humans and the other healthy parts of the system while maintaining the power distribution. Adding optional modules to the GTU 103.2-S configuration, the available list of experiments, and system capabilities are expanded.   DL GTU103A-S:   Generation protection DL GTU103B-S:   HV line protection DL 2108T22:   Distance protection DL GTU103C-S:  Transformer protection

ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING DL GTUTOT-S

DESCRIPTION

Modern electric power systems have grown and expanded geographically, becoming more complex. The planning, monitoring, and managing of such systems require advanced analysis and control techniques for network interconnection, energy management and storage, and integrating distributed renewable energy sources in future Smart Grid implementations. The DL GTUTOT-S trainer has been designed to provide students with a fully comprehensive knowledge of Electrical Power Engineering systems in a compact and flexible solution. The laboratory is subdivided into four major study areas: • Electric power generation GTU101-S • Electric power transmission and distribution DL GTU102-S • Electric power use DL GTU104-S • Protection techniques DL GTU103-S Ideal for five students to work simultaneously. University and technical schools. It is also applicable to courses in electric machines and electrical power engineering.

ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING PROTECTION RELAYS DL GTUTOT-P

Modern electric power systems have grown and expanded geographically, becoming more complex. The planning, monitoring, and managing such systems require advanced analysis and control techniques for network interconnection, energy management, and storage, as well as integrating distributed renewable energy sources in future Smart Grid implementations. The DL GTUTOT-S trainer has been designed to provide students with a fully comprehensive knowledge of Electrical Power Engineering systems in a compact and flexible solution. The laboratory is subdivided into four large study areas: • Electric power generation DL GTU102-S • Electric power transmission and distribution DL GTU102-S • Electric power use DL GTU104-S • Protection techniques DL GTU103-S Ideal for 5 students to work simultaneously. University and technical schools. It is also applicable to courses in electrical machines and electrical power engineering.